How to choose sunscreen: SPF, PA and the right texture

There is no single answer to which sunscreen is best. The best one protects across the UV spectrum, has a texture your skin likes, and is something you will actually apply generously every day. This guide explains the label, how to choose by skin type and how to apply it properly.

Reading the label: SPF, PA and broad spectrum

• SPF measures protection against UVB, the rays mainly behind sunburn. For daily life, SPF 30 or higher is the usual recommendation; for long hours outdoors many people choose SPF 50.
• PA (such as PA+++ or PA++++) rates UVA protection and is common on Asian sunscreens. More plus signs means stronger UVA protection.
• Broad spectrum means the product protects against both UVA and UVB.
• Water resistant means it keeps working for a set time while you swim or sweat; you still need to reapply.

Choose a sunscreen by skin type

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Mineral or chemical filters?

Sunscreens use mineral (physical) filters such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, chemical filters, or a mix of both. Mineral filters are often chosen by people with sensitive skin but can leave a white cast. Chemical filters tend to feel lighter and spread more easily. Both can protect well when applied in the right amount; which you choose comes down to feel and how your skin reacts.

How much to apply, and when to reapply

1. A common guide for face and neck is about two finger-lengths. Applying too little means you will not get the SPF on the label.
2. Apply it as the last step of your morning skincare, before makeup.
3. Reapply about every two hours outdoors, and after swimming, towelling off or heavy sweating.
4. Do not forget your ears, neck, the back of your neck and the backs of your hands.

If you are indoors all day away from windows, you may not need to reapply as often. Still, apply in the morning, because UVA can pass through glass.

Mistakes that make sunscreen less effective

• Applying only a thin layer to avoid a greasy feel.
• Relying on foundation or powder with SPF instead of sunscreen.
• Using an expired bottle, or one left in a hot car for weeks.
• Not removing water-resistant sunscreen at night, which can leave skin congested.

Sunscreen and makeup: making them work together

Many people avoid sunscreen because it feels greasy, looks shiny or pills under foundation. A few tricks help: let your sunscreen set for a few minutes before applying base makeup; choose a finish that suits you, such as a matte finish for oily skin and a dewy one for dry skin; and use just enough moisturiser underneath so you are not stacking too many layers. To top up during the day over makeup, a sunscreen mist or powder can work as an extra layer, but your morning sunscreen remains the main protection. If a formula pills, try applying thinner layers and patting rather than rubbing.

Quick picks

Oily skin, try a light gel or fluid; dry skin, a cream; sensitive skin, a fragrance-free option from a pharmacy brand — see pharmacy skincare. Or use the skincare finder and pick "Daily sun protection" to see matching products straight away. Whichever you choose, the best sunscreen is the one you are happy to wear every single morning, so it is worth trying a small size first if you are unsure about the texture or finish.

And remember that sunscreen works best alongside shade, a hat and sunglasses when the sun is at its strongest around midday.